1,875 research outputs found
Kauffman Boolean model in undirected scale free networks
We investigate analytically and numerically the critical line in undirected
random Boolean networks with arbitrary degree distributions, including
scale-free topology of connections . We show that in
infinite scale-free networks the transition between frozen and chaotic phase
occurs for . The observation is interesting for two reasons.
First, since most of critical phenomena in scale-free networks reveal their
non-trivial character for , the position of the critical line in
Kauffman model seems to be an important exception from the rule. Second, since
gene regulatory networks are characterized by scale-free topology with
, the observation that in finite-size networks the mentioned
transition moves towards smaller is an argument for Kauffman model as
a good starting point to model real systems. We also explain that the
unattainability of the critical line in numerical simulations of classical
random graphs is due to percolation phenomena
Interplay between network structure and self-organized criticality
We investigate, by numerical simulations, how the avalanche dynamics of the
Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld (BTW) sandpile model can induce emergence of scale-free
(SF) networks and how this emerging structure affects dynamics of the system.
We also discuss how the observed phenomenon can be used to explain evolution of
scientific collaboration.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Power densities for two-step gamma-ray transitions from isomeric states
We have calculated the incident photon power density P_2 for which the
two-step induced emission rate from an isomeric nucleus becomes equal to the
natural isomeric decay rate. We have analyzed two-step transitions for isomeric
nuclei with a half-life greater than 10 min, for which there is an intermediate
state of known energy, spin and half-life, for which the intermediate state is
connected by a known gamma-ray transition to the isomeric state and to at least
another intermediate state, and for which the relative intensities of the
transitions to lower states are known. For the isomeric nucleus 166m-Ho, which
has a 1200 y isomeric state at 5.98 keV, we have found a value of P_2=6.3 x
10^7 W cm^{-2}, the intermediate state being the 263.8 keV level. We have found
power densities P_2 of the order of 10^{10} W cm^{-2} for several other
isomeric nuclei.Comment: 9 pages, 1 eps figure, 1 tabl
Supremacy distribution in evolving networks
We study a supremacy distribution in evolving Barabasi-Albert networks. The
supremacy of a node is defined as a total number of all nodes that
are younger than and can be connected to it by a directed path. For a
network with a characteristic parameter the supremacy of an
individual node increases with the network age as in an
appropriate scaling region. It follows that there is a relation between a node degree and its supremacy and the supremacy
distribution scales as . Analytic calculations basing on
a continuum theory of supremacy evolution and on a corresponding rate equation
have been confirmed by numerical simulations.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Thermodynamic forces, flows, and Onsager coefficients in complex networks
We present Onsager formalism applied to random networks with arbitrary degree
distribution. Using the well-known methods of non-equilibrium thermodynamics we
identify thermodynamic forces and their conjugated flows induced in networks as
a result of single node degree perturbation. The forces and the flows can be
understood as a response of the system to events, such as random removal of
nodes or intentional attacks on them. Finally, we show that cross effects (such
as thermodiffusion, or thermoelectric phenomena), in which one force may not
only give rise to its own corresponding flow, but to many other flows, can be
observed also in complex networks.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Biased random walks on complex networks: the role of local navigation rules
We study the biased random walk process in random uncorrelated networks with
arbitrary degree distributions. In our model, the bias is defined by the
preferential transition probability, which, in recent years, has been commonly
used to study efficiency of different routing protocols in communication
networks. We derive exact expressions for the stationary occupation
probability, and for the mean transit time between two nodes. The effect of the
cyclic search on transit times is also explored. Results presented in this
paper give the basis for theoretical treatment of the transport-related
problems on complex networks, including quantitative estimation of the critical
value of the packet generation rate.Comment: 5 pages (Phys. Rev style), 3 Figure
Universal scaling of distances in complex networks
Universal scaling of distances between vertices of Erdos-Renyi random graphs,
scale-free Barabasi-Albert models, science collaboration networks, biological
networks, Internet Autonomous Systems and public transport networks are
observed. A mean distance between two nodes of degrees k_i and k_j equals to
=A-B log(k_i k_j). The scaling is valid over several decades. A simple
theory for the appearance of this scaling is presented. Parameters A and B
depend on the mean value of a node degree _nn calculated for the nearest
neighbors and on network clustering coefficients.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl
Investigation of the chemocatalytic and biocatalytic valorization of a range of different lignin preparations: The importance of β-O-4 content
A set of seven different lignin preparations was generated from a range of organosolv (acidic, alkaline, ammonia-treated, and dioxane-based), ionic liquid, autohydrolysis, and Kraft pretreatments of lignocelluloses. Each lignin was characterized by 2D HSQC NMR spectroscopy, showing significant variability in the β-O-4 content of the different lignin samples. Each lignin was then valorised using three biocatalytic methods (microbial biotransformation with Rhodococcus jostii RHA045, treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens Dyp1B or Sphingobacterium sp. T2 manganese superoxide dismutase) and two chemocatalytic methods (catalytic hydrogenation using Pt/alumina catalyst, DDQ benzylic oxidation/Zn reduction). Highest product yields for DDQ/Zn valorization were observed from poplar ammonia percolation-organosolv lignin, which had the highest β-O-4 content of the investigated lignins and also gave the highest yield of syringaldehyde (243 mg L -1 ) when using R. jostii RHA045 and the most enzymatic products using P. fluorescens Dyp1B. The highest product yield from the Pt/alumina hydrogenation was observed using oak dioxasolv lignin, which also had a high β-O-4 content. In general, highest product yields for both chemocatalytic and biocatalytic valorization methods were obtained from preparations that showed highest β-O-4 content, while variable yields were obtained with preparations containing intermediate β-O-4 content, and little or no product was obtained with preparations containing low β-O-4 content
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